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WAEC Syllabus for Mathematics PDF Download 2021/2022

Are you looking for WAEC Syllabus for Mathematics for 2021/2022? If you are interested in WAEC syllabus for Mathematics, then am pleased to let you know that the West African Examination Council (WAEC) has released the syllabus specially made for Mathematics.

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About WAEC Syllabus

WAEC Syllabus is a subject outline that contains topics that a candidate intending to seat for an examination for that particular subject is required to cover prior to the exam in order to stand a chance of performing excellently in the exam.

Speaking of WAEC Syllabus for Mathematics, It therefore means that it’s an outline that contains all the topics for Mathematics that each candidate who enrol for Mathematics is expected to cover prior to the examination date. If you intend to sit for JAMB, checkout JAMB Syllabus for all Subjects here.

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WAEC Syllabus For Mathematics

Without wasting much time, the syllabus for Mathematics are as follows:

Aims And Objectives / Preamble

AIMS OF THE SYLLABUS

The aims of the syllabus are to test candidates’:
– mathematical competency and computational skills;
– understanding of mathematical concepts and their relationship to the   acquisition of entrepreneurial skills for everyday living in the global world;
– ability to translate problems into mathematical language and solve them      using appropriate methods;
–  ability to be accurate to a degree relevant to the problem at hand;
– logical, abstract and precise thinking.

This syllabus is not intended to be used as a teaching syllabus. Teachers are advised to use their own National teaching syllabuses or curricular for that purpose.

EXAMINATION SCHEME

There will be two papers, Papers 1 and 2, both of which must be taken.

PAPER 1: will consist of fifty multiple-choice objective questions, drawn from the common areas of the syllabus, to be answered in 1½ hours for 50 marks.

PAPER 2: will consist of thirteen essay questions in two sections – Sections A and B, to be answered in 2½ hours for 100 marks. Candidates will be required to answer ten questions in all.

Section A – Will consist of five compulsory questions, elementary in nature carrying a total of 40 marks. The questions will be drawn from the common areas of the syllabus.

Section B – will consist of eight questions of greater length and difficulty. The questions shall include a maximum of two which shall be drawn from parts of the syllabuses which may not be peculiar to candidates’ home countries. Candidates will be expected to answer five questions for 60marks.

See detailed Waec Syllabus for general Mathematics.

The topics, contents and notes are intended to indicate the scope of the questions which will be set. The notes are not to be considered as an exhaustive list of illustrations/limitations.

A. NUMBER AND NUMERATION

( a ) Number bases

( i ) conversion of numbers from one base to another

( ii ) Basic operations on number bases

(b) Modular Arithmetic

(i) Concept of Modulo Arithmetic.

(ii) Addition, subtraction and multiplication operations in  modulo arithmetic.

(iii) Application to daily life

( c ) Fractions, Decimals and Approximations

(i) Basic operations on fractions and decimals.
(ii) Approximations and significant figures.

( d ) Indices

( i ) Laws of indices

( ii ) Numbers in standard form ( scientific notation)

(e) Logarithms

( i ) Relationship between indices       and logarithms e.g. y = 10k      implies log10y = k.
( ii ) Basic rules of logarithms e.g.
log10(pq) = log10p + log10q
log10(p/q) = log10p – log10q
log10pn = nlog10p.
(iii) Use of tables of logarithms      and antilogarithms.

Calculations involving multiplication, division, powers and roots.

(f) Sequence and Series

(i) Patterns of sequences.

(ii) – Arithmetic progression (A.P.)
– Geometric Progression (G.P.)
Determine any term of a given sequence. The notation Un = the nth termof a sequence may be used.

Simple cases only, including word problems. (Include sum for A.P. and exclude sum for G.P).

( g ) Sets

(i) Idea of sets, universal sets,     finite and infinite sets,     subsets, empty sets and     disjoint sets.
Idea of and notation for union,     intersection and complement     of sets.

(ii) Solution of practical problems      involving classification using      Venn diagrams.
Notations: { }, , P’( the compliment of P).

(h) Logical Reasoning

Simple statements. True and false statements. Negation of statements, implications.
Use of symbols: use of Venn diagrams.

(i) Positive and negative integers, rational numbers

The four basic operations on rational numbers.
Match rational numbers with points on the number line.

Notation: Natural numbers (N), Integers ( Z ), Rational numbers ( Q ).

(j) Surds (Radicals)

Simplification and rationalization of simple surds.
Surds of the form , a and a where a is a rational number and b is a positive integer.
Basic operations on surds (exclude surd of the form ).

·* (k) Matrices and Determinants

( i ) Identification of order, notation and types of matrices.

( ii ) Addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and multiplication of matrices.

( iii ) Determinant of a matrix

(l) Ratio, Proportions and  Rates

Ratio between two similar quantities.
Proportion between two or more similar quantities.

Financial partnerships, rates of work, costs, taxes, foreign exchange, density (e.g. population), mass, distance, time and speed.

( m ) Percentages

Simple interest, commission, discount, depreciation, profit and loss, compound interest, hire purchase and percentage error.

*(n) Financial Arithmetic

( i ) Depreciation/ Amortization.

( ii ) Annuities

(iii ) Capital Market Instruments

(o) Variation

Direct, inverse, partial and joint variations.
Application to simple practical problems.

B. ALGEBRAIC PROCESSES

(a) Algebraic expressions

(i) Formulating algebraic expressions from given     situations

( ii ) Evaluation of algebraic        expressions

( b ) Simple operations on algebraic expressions

( i ) Expansion

(ii ) Factorization

(c) Solution of Linear Equations

( i ) Linear equations in one variable

( ii ) Simultaneous linear  equations in two variables.

(d) Change of Subject of a Formula/Relation

( i ) Change of subject of a formula/relation
(ii) Substitution.

(e) Quadratic Equations

( i ) Solution of quadratic equations

(ii) Forming quadratic equation with given roots.

(iii) Application of solution of quadratic equation in practical problems.

(f) Graphs of Linear and Quadratic functions.

(i) Interpretation of graphs,     coordinate of points, table of values, drawing quadratic graphs and obtaining roots     from graphs.

( ii ) Graphical solution of a pair  of equations of the form: y = ax2 + bx + c and y = mx + k

(iii) Drawing tangents to curves to determine the gradient at a given point.

(g) Linear Inequalities

(i) Solution of linear inequalities  in one variable and  representation on the number     line.

*(ii) Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables.

*(iii) Graphical solution of simultaneous linear inequalities in two variables.

(h) Algebraic Fractions

Operations on algebraic fractions with:

( i ) Monomial denominators

( ii ) Binomial denominators

Simple cases only e.g. + = ( x0, y 0).

(i) Functions and Relations

Types of Functions
One-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many.
Functions as a mapping, determination of the rule of a given mapping/function.

C. MENSURATION

(a) Lengths and Perimeters

(i) Use of Pythagoras theorem,     *§ªsine and cosine rules to     determine lengths and     distances.
(ii) Lengths of arcs of circles,     perimeters of sectors and      segments.
(iii) Longitudes and Latitudes.

(b) Areas

( i ) Triangles and special  quadrilaterals – rectangles, parallelograms and trapeziums

(ii) Circles, sectors and segments of circles.
(iii) Surface areas of cubes, cuboids, cylinder, pyramids, right triangular prisms, cones and spheres.

Areas of similar figures. Include area of triangle = ½ base x height and ½absinC.
Areas of compound shapes.
Relationship between the sector of a circle and the surface area of a cone.

(c) Volumes

(i) Volumes of cubes, cuboids,     cylinders, cones, right     pyramids and spheres.

( ii ) Volumes of similar solids

Include volumes of compound shapes.

D. PLANE GEOMETRY

(a) Angles

(i) Angles at a point add up to  360 degree.
(ii) Adjacent angles on a straight      line are supplementary.
(iii) Vertically opposite angles are       equal.

(b) Angles and intercepts on parallel lines.

(i) Alternate angles are equal.
( ii )Corresponding angles are equal.
( iii )Interior opposite angles are supplementary
**ª(iv) Intercept theorem.

(c) Triangles and Polygons.

(i) The sum of the angles of a     triangle is 2 right angles.
(ii) The exterior angle of a      triangle equals the sum of      the two interior opposite       angles.

(iii) Congruent triangles.

( iv ) Properties of special triangles – Isosceles, equilateral, right-angled, etc

(v) Properties of special quadrilaterals – parallelogram, rhombus,  square, rectangle, trapezium.

( vi )Properties of similar   triangles.

( vii ) The sum of the angles of a  polygon

(viii) Property of exterior angles  of a polygon.

(ix) Parallelograms on the same base and between the same       parallels are equal in area.

( d ) Circles

(i) Chords.

(ii) The angle which an arc of a  circle subtends at the centre of the circle is twice that  which it subtends at any      point on the remaining part  of the circumference.

(iii) Any angle subtended at the circumference by a diameter is a right angle.

(iv) Angles in the same segment  are equal.
(v) Angles in opposite segments are supplementary.

( vi )Perpendicularity of tangent and radius.

(vii )If a tangent is drawn to a        circle and from the point  of        contact a chord is drawn,        each angle which this chord        makes with the tangent is        equal to the angle in the        alternate segment.

Angles subtended by chords in a circle and at the centre. Perpendicular bisectors of chords.

( e) Construction

( i ) Bisectors of angles and line segments
(ii) Line parallel or perpendicular to a given line.
( iii )Angles e.g. 90o, 60o, 45o, 30o, and an angle equal to a given angle.
(iv) Triangles and quadrilaterals from sufficient data.

(f) Loci

Knowledge of the loci listed below and their intersections in 2 dimensions.
(i) Points at a given distance from a given point.
(ii) Points equidistant from two given points.
( iii)Points equidistant from two given straight lines.
(iv)Points at a given distance from a given straight line.

E. COORDINATE GEOMETRY OF  STRAIGHT LINES

(i) Concept of the x-y plane.

(ii) Coordinates of points on the x-y plane.

F. TRIGONOMETRY

(a) Sine, Cosine and Tangent of an angle.

(i) Sine, Cosine and Tangent of acute angles.

(ii) Use of tables of trigonometric ratios.

(iii) Trigonometric ratios of 30o, 45o and 60o.

(iv) Sine, cosine and tangent of angles from 0o to 360o.

( v )Graphs of sine and cosine.

(vi)Graphs of trigonometric ratios.

(b) Angles of elevation and depression

(i) Calculating angles of elevation and depression.
(ii) Application to heights and distances.

(c) Bearings

(i) Bearing of one point from another.

(ii) Calculation of distances and angles

*G. INTRODUCTORY CALCULUS

(i) Differentiation of algebraic  functions.

(ii) Integration of simple Algebraic functions.
Concept/meaning of differentiation/derived function, , relationship between gradient of a curve at a point and the differential coefficient of the equation of the curve at that point. Standard derivatives of some basic function e.g. if y = x2, = 2x. If s = 2t3 + 4, = v = 6t2, where s = distance, t = time and v = velocity. Application to real life situation such as maximum and minimum values, rates of change etc.

Meaning/ concept of integration, evaluation of simple definite algebraic equations.

H. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

(a) Statistics

(i) Frequency distribution

( ii ) Pie charts, bar charts, histograms and frequency polygons

(iii) Mean, median and mode for both discrete and grouped data.

(iv) Cumulative frequency curve (Ogive).

(v) Measures of Dispersion: range, semi inter-quartile/inter-quartile range, variance, mean deviation and standard deviation.

(b) Probability

(i) Experimental and theoretical probability.

(ii) Addition of probabilities for      mutually exclusive and      independent events.

(iii) Multiplication of probabilities      for independent events.

I. VECTORS AND TRANSFORMATION

Vectors in a Plane

Vectors as a directed line segment.

Cartesian components of a vector

Magnitude of a vector, equal vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, zero vector, parallel vectors, multiplication of a vector by scalar.

Transformation in the Cartesian Plane

Reflection of points and shapes in the Cartesian Plane.

Rotation of points and shapes in the Cartesian Plane.

Translation of points and shapes in the Cartesian Plane.

Enlargement

UNITS

Candidates should be familiar with the following units and their symbols.

( 1 ) Length
1000 millimetres (mm) = 100 centimetres (cm) = 1 metre(m).
1000 metres = 1 kilometre (km)

( 2 ) Area
10,000 square metres (m2) = 1 hectare (ha)

( 3 ) Capacity
1000 cubic centimeters (cm3) = 1 litre (l)

( 4 ) Mass
milligrammes (mg) = 1 gramme (g)
1000 grammes (g) = 1 kilogramme( kg )
ogrammes (kg) = 1 tonne.

( 5) Currencies
The Gambia – 100 bututs (b) = 1 Dalasi (D)
Ghana – 100 Ghana pesewas (Gp) = 1 Ghana Cedi ( GH¢)
Liberia – 100 cents (c) = 1 Liberian Dollar (LD)
Nigeria – 100 kobo (k) = 1 Naira (N)
Sierra Leone – 100 cents (c) = 1 Leone (Le)
UK – 100 pence (p) = 1 pound (£)
USA – 100 cents (c) = 1 dollar ($)
French Speaking territories: 100 centimes (c) = 1 Franc (fr)
Any other units used will be defined.

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION

( 1) Use of Mathematical and Statistical Tables
Mathematics and Statistical tables, published or approved by WAEC may be used in the examination room. Where the degree of accuracy is not specified in a question, the degree of accuracy expected will be that obtainable from the mathematical tables.

Use of calculators
The use of non-programmable, silent and cordless calculators is allowed. The calculators must, however not have the capability to print out nor to receive or send any information. Phones with or without calculators are not allowed.

Other Materials Required for the examination
Candidates should bring rulers, pairs of compasses, protractors, set squares etc required for papers of the subject. They will not be allowed to borrow such instruments and any other material from other candidates in the examination hall.
Graph papers ruled in 2mm squares will be provided for any paper in which it is required.

 Disclaimer
In spite of the provisions made in paragraphs 4 (1) and (2) above, it should be noted that some questions may prohibit the use of tables and/or calculators.

WAEC Syllabus For Mathematics PDF Download

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