WAEC Syllabus for Woodwork PDF Download 2024/2025

1.1  Personal Safety                                        Types of safety measures and                                                                                                                                           reasons for their observance.

Uses  of safety equipment; first

aid box and its use.  Saftey to

prevent injury  to self and others

in the workshop, wearing of                                                                                            protective clothing (e.g  goggles,                                                                                       aprons/overalls, masks, boots,                                                                                           helmets, gloves, respirators).

1.2  Safety relating to hand tools,                   Safety measures in relation to the

machines and workshop                            use of hand tools, machines,

environment.                                              electrical appliances; state of

workshop environment, e.g.

lighting, ventilation, exit doors.

1.3  Safety devices                                           Knowledge of types of safety                                                                                                                                            devices and their uses, e.g. fire                                                                                         extinguishers, push stick, push

block, jigs, fences.

1.4  First Aid                                        (a)  Knowledge of the contents of a                                                                 First Aid box (i.e lint, scissors,                                                                         bandages, plaster, methylated spirit,                                                                iodine, cotton wool, forceps).

(b)        Knowledge of the procedure for                                                                         administration of first aid for cuts,

burns, and electric shock.

2.  TOOLS

2.1  Hand Toods                                  Identification, classification, sketching,

sharpening, maintenance, storage,                                                       safety and use of the following:-

(a)  Measuring and marking-out tools:                                                                     rules, calipers, gauges.

(b)  Cutting and shaping tools:  saws,                                                                           planes, chisels, spokesshaves.

(c)  Abrading and scraping tools: files,                                                                 scrapers.

(d)  Boring tools – braces, bits, drills,                                                                            gimlet, bradawl.

(e)  Percussion and impelling tools:                                                                      hammers, screwdrivers, mallet.

(f)  Holding and suppoting tools:                                                                                        cramps, cutting-board, vices, pincers.

2.2  Portable Power                                 Identification, maintenance, safety and                           Tools                                         uses of the following:-

(a)    Planes – power hand planer, router

planer.

(b)  Saws – Jig saw, circular saw.

(c)  Sanders – orbital sander, belt                                                                                        sander, drum sander, disc sander.

(d)  Hand drill;

(e)  Spray gun.

2.3   Special Purpose                           Identification, classification,sketching,                            Hand Tools                           maintenance, safety and uses of the                                                                           following:

(a)  Planes:  plough plane, compass                                                                         plane, router plane.

(b)   Saws:  coping saw, fret saw, bow                                                                                saw, compass saw, pad saw, junior                                                    hacksaw.

(c)  Boring bits:  expansion bit,

forstner bit, countersink bit, auger                                                                                bit, centre bit, gimlet, brawdal, twist drill.

(d)   Shapers:  scrapers, rasps, surform,

files.

3.  WOODWORKING

MACHINES

3.1  Types of Machines                   Identification, functions of parts, uses                                                                         and safety precautions relating to the                                                                   listed machines:

(a)        Grinding wheel.

(b)        Circular saw bench, cross-cut

saw, bandsaw, dimension saw.

(c)        Surfacer or jointer, thicknesser.

(d)        Chain, chisels, horizontal borer.

(e)        Lathe, spindle moudler, drum                                                                                     sander, jig saw, router.

(f)        Drilling machine.

3.2  Safety Aids                                   Uses of guards, jigs, fences, push                                                        sticks, push blocks, gauges.

4.  MATERIALS

4.1  Timber

4.1.1  Classification                             (i)         Hardwoods and softwoods

(ii)        Differences between hardwoods                                                                         and structure.

4.1.2  Parts of a tree                             (i)         Identification and functions of the

parts of a growing treee, i.e roots,

trunk and crown.

(ii)        Identification and functions of

the cross-sectional parts of a

tree, i.e bark, bast, cambium

layer, annual/growth rings,

medullary rays, sapwood,

heartwood and pith.

(iii)       Effects of the characteristics of

the cross-sectional parts of a

tree on timber for woodwork.

4.1.3  Surface quality  of timber          Identification of timber by the

following characteristics:

(i)         grain (i.e straight, inter-lock,

wavy, diagonal, etc.).

(ii)        texture

(iii)       figure

(iv)       colour

4.1.4  Mechanic                                   Definition of the following properties:

properties                                  hardness, strength (i.e tensile,

compressive and shear), elasticity,

toughness.

4.1.5.  Conversion of   timber              Description and sketching of the

following methods of conversion:

(i)         plain/through and through/live

sawing;

(ii)        tangential/back/flat/rake sawing;

(iii)       quarter/radial/rift sawing;

(iv)       boxed-heart sawing.

4.1.6  Marketable size                          Identification and sketching of the

following marketable sizes:

Log, baulk, plank, strip, batten,

square, scantling, flitch, board.

4.1.7  Seasoning                                  Description of the following methods

of seasoning:

(i)         natural or open air seasoning;

(ii)        artificial or kiln seasoning;

(iii)       water seasoning;

(iv)       chemical seasoning.

4.1.8  Determination of  moisture        Description of the following methods

content                                       of determining moisture content:

(i)         oven dry method;

(ii)        moisture meter method.

4.1.9  Wood Preservation                    (i)  Reasons for preserving timber;

(ii)  Types of preservatives – tar oil,

water borne, organic solvent.

(iii)       Qualities of an ideal preservative.

(iv)       Method of application:

(I)  Pressure treatment (i.e full

cell and empty cell);

(II)  Non-pressure treatment (i.e

spraying, impregnation,

brushing, dippipng, hot and

cold treatment, steeping).

4.1.10  Defects in Timber   Identification, causes and sketching

of the following types of defect in timber:

(i)   natural defects, e.g. knots, burr, grains.

(ii)  defects caused by organisms, e.g

rots, bores.

(iii)  wood processing defect, e.g.

diagonal grain, upset,

compression shakes.

(iv)  seasoning defects, e.g splits, warp,

shakes, honey combing, case hardening.

4.1.11  West African Timber         (i)         Characteristics, similarities and

differences, uses and working                                                                         qualities of the following West                                                                        African timbers:

Iroko (Odum), Abura, Mahogany,

Obeche (Wawa), Walnut, Afara,                                                                      Ebony, Danta, Emery, Shedua,                                                                        Mansonia, Afromosia (kokrodua),                                                       Avodire, Kusia.

(ii)        Effects of depletion of timber species

4.1.12  Veneers                                   Identification, description and

sketching of the following:

(i)  Methods of production, i.e rotary,                                                             slicing, sawing.

(ii)Types of veneers, i.e face, core

and back veneers.

4.1.13  Manufactured  boards Identification, description, uses and                                                    sketching of: Plywood, blockboard,                                                    laminboard, chipboard, particle board,                                                                        batten board, hardboard, fibre board.

4.2  Surface Decoration                       Identification and sketching of tools:

identification and description of the                                                                following methods of surface

decoration: inlaying, veneering

(hammer and caul, marquetry,

laminated plastics, edging (i.e solid                                                                  wood, plastics, metals, veneer),

mouldings (i.e round, ovolo, reeding,                                                 carvetto/hollow, cyma recta/ogee,

cyma reversa, scotia, bead, fluting),                                                                incised and relief carving.

4.3  Non-Wood Material

4.3.1  Metals                                        (i)  Classification: ferrous and non-ferrous.

(ii)  Types of ferrous metals: low                                                                     carbon steel dead/mild steel.

(iii)  Types of non-ferrous metals:

Aluminium, lead, copper, tin.

(iv)  Physical Properties of metals:                                                                    hardness/softness.

(v)  Basic chemical characteristics of

different metals.

4.3.2  Nails                                          Identification, description, uses and                                                                sketching of:  French or wire nails;                                                                              oval wire nails; lost-head nails; panel                                                                pin; veneer pin; cut tack; upholstery                                                                    nails; roofing nails.

4.3.3  Screws                                       Identification, description, uses and                                                                sketching of: Countersunk head;

raised head; round head; Philip’s

head; coach screws.

4.3.4  Plastics                                       (i)  Types – thermosetting and

thermoplastics.

(ii)  Differences between the types

and their common properties.

(iii)  Items made from the two types

of  plastics.

(iv)  Uses of plastics.

4.3.5  Glass                                             Identification and uses of:  opaque,                                                                          transparent and decorative glasses.

4.3.6  Leather                                     (i)  Types – Natural and artificial.

(ii)  Differences between the types.

(iii)  Uses of leather, e.g furniture,

belts, bags.

4.3.7  Abrasives                                                         Identification, uses and description

of process of manufacture of glass                                                                                 paper and garnet paper.

4.3.8  Fittings                                               Identification, description, uses and                                                             sketching of:  locks; hinges; bolts;                                                                           catches; castors; stays.

4.3.9  Adhesives                                  Identification, characteristics,

preparation and application, uses,                                                                    safety precaution during application

of:

(i)  Protein:  animal, casein.

(ii)  Synthetic: urea, phenol,

melamine formaldehydes.

(iii)  Contact:  rubber based

(Evostick).

5.  SURFACE

PREPARATION                    (a)  Description of process, tools and                                                  materials requried for various                                                              surface preparation: planing,                                                               scraping, sanding,  filling,

staining, bleaching, spraying

and polishing.

6.  FINISHES                                     Types, characteristics, uses, methods

application, safety precautions in the                                                   use of the following:-

Paints, vanishes, lacquers, polishes,                                                                             laminated plastics.

7.  METHODS  OF                            Types and description of methods:

SHAPING  AND                                 (i)  Obtaining sawn shapes from solid

BENDING  WOOD                wood.

(ii)  Shaping by lamination.

(iii)  Shaping by curved bending.

8.  WOODWORK  JOINTS             Classification, uses and sketching of                                                   the following:-

(a)  angle joints – mortice and tenon,                                                                dowel, dovetails, housing, halving,                                                      comb, plain mitre.

(b)  widening joints – dowel, tongue                                                                 and groove, loose tongue, rebated                                                                    butt, slot screw, plain butt.

(c)   Framing joints:- mortice and                                                                     tenon, bridle, mitre, dowelled,                                                                         halving.

9.    UPHOLSTERY                           (a)  Tools

Identification, uses and sketching of                                                                the following:-

tack hammer, strainer, curved and                                                                   straight needle, tack remover,                                                              stapler, sewing machine, webbing                                                                    stretcher, ripping chisel.

(b)  Materials

Types, differences and uses of the                                                                  following:-

(i)       Webbing – twine or cord,                                                                       thread, spring, jute, hesian or baft.

                                                            (ii)       Padding – foam, kapok,

feathers, coconut fibres.

(iii)      Covering – fabric, natural

and artificial leathers.

(iv)      Tacking – stud, tack nails.

(c)  (i)      Upholstery parts – frame,                                                                              platform, studding/padding,

covering.

(ii)     Types of platform (fixed and                                                    loose) and their uses.

10.  DESIGN ANDMAKING (a)  Factors Affecting Design – Fitness

for purpose, proportion, material,

construction, finishing, cost.

(b)  (i)   Problem identification and                                                                  writing of brief.

(ii)  Stating conditions and

constraints relating to

suggested solution.

(iii) Writing of specifications (i.e

function, materials, construction, cost,

ergonomics, aesthetics) for possible                                                    solutions.

(c)        Generating solutions:

(i)         Sources of information to                                                                         generate ideas in solving                                                                      problems, e.g. research,

interviews, observations.

(ii)        Preliminary sketches –

freehand sketching of designs.

(d)        Preparation of Solution:

(i)         drawing in isometric view;

(ii)        preparation of working                                                                                                 drawing in first and third

angle orthographic projection;

(iii)  preparation of cutting list.

(e)        Estimation of the cost of materials.

(f)        Making of the artefact:

(i)         Preparation of the materials;

(ii)        Construction of the artefact:

Working drawings should be                                                                related to the artefact                                                                          constructed;

–  Tools are correctly used;

–   Appropriate joints are used;

–   Sequence of operation are followed;

–   Safety precautions are observed;

–  Appropriate finishes are  applied;

(g) Evaluating the artefact: – the steps are:

(i)    purpose of the artefact;

(ii)   specifications of artefact;

(iii)  whether the artefact serves the

specifications;

(iv) strengths and weaknesses of                                                                         artefact;

(v)  areas of possible improvement;

(vi)  judgment as to whether artefact

is excellent, good, satisfactory, poor.

11.  MENSURATION                        (a)  Estimation, calculations involving                                                             linear, area, volume, percentage.

(b) Calculation of unit and total cost of

a job.

(c)  Explanation of the various

elements involved in costing of a

job; i.e materials, labour,

overhead expenses, packaging,                                                                        portage, sales expenses,

advertising, net profit, tax.

12.  WOOD TURNING          (a)  The lathe – identification and

function of parts and accessories:

bed, stands, headstock, tailstock,          tool rest, centres,face plates.

(b) Wood turning tools: identification

uses and sketching of the                                                                                 following:

(i)  scraping tools.

(ii)  cutting tools.

(c)  (i)  Types of turning operations:                                                    face plate turning, between                                                                               centres turning, boring.

(ii)   Articles produced from

turning operations: flower vase, cup,                                                              egg holder, bowl, candle holder,                                                                      decorative mouldings, Police baton,                                                     rolling pin, table legs.

13.  MASS   PRODUCTION              Explanation of stages in mass

production:

(a)  Preparation of Design and Working

drawings.

(b)  Preparation of workshop rod/ setting

out.

(c)  Making of prototype.

(d)  Preparation of cutting list.

(e)  Preparation of materials.

(f)  Marking out using template.

(g)  Production of parts – use of jigs;                                                               division of labour.

(h)  Trial run.

(i)  Assembly line – trial assembly

and final assembly.

(j)  Application of finishing.

(k)  Quality control.